Some of the common conditions caused by occupational allergies include occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, latex rubber allergy, and allergic contact dermatitis. The greatest challenge is to be able to distinguish occupational allergy from non-work-related allergic conditions.
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Natural rubber latex is used to make latex gloves, condoms, balloons, rubber bands, erasers and toys. Latex allergy became frequent in the late 1980's when health care workers started using powdered latex gloves to prevent infections such as hepatitis and AIDS. In the last 15 years the increased use of non-latex or powder-free gloves determined a decline in latex allergy. Latex allergy may manifest with contact urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and contact dermatitis.
Occupational allergens are those allergens to which exposure at work may occur - as distinguished from e.g. food allergens. Well-known examples of occupational allergens are:
This test is usually done to identify allergies to pollen, mold, pet dander, dust mites and foods. In adults, the test is usually done on the forearm. Children may be tested on the upper back. Allergy skin tests aren't painful.
The health effects that occupational allergens cause may force workers to leave their profession. An allergic reaction may develop within weeks after the first time of exposure. However, it may take years as well. This depends on the intensity of exposure, the personal sensitivity of the person exposed and the strength of the allergen (its sensitising potential). Not everybody will develop an allergy upon exposure. However, everybody is in chance of getting sensitised. The most significant health effects of occupational allergens include contact dermatitis, rhinitis and occupational asthma.
Allergens are substances that may cause hypersensitivity (allergy) of the immune system. After acquiring this hypersensitivity, further exposure to the same substance may result in allergic skin diseases such as allergic contact dermatitis, or allergic airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis or asthma. Occupational allergens are present in many sectors and occupations. Occupational allergens and the products containing them may be identified by means of their classification and labeling as well as by using various existing lists. Prevention should include combinations of measures at the source, technical and organizational measures, personal protection and hygiene, and early warning.
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